Otorhinolaryngology –Head and Neck SurgeryProf. Yutaka TAKUMIResearch subjectOutlook for researchOutlook for students after graduationObstetrics and Gynecology (ObGyn) encompasses 4 major academic fields: Obstetrics,Gynecologic Oncology, Reproductive Medicine, and Woman’s healthcare (Fig. 1). ObGyn isthe medical field that supports women throughout their lifetime, from birth to the end of life.The uterus and ovaries, which are specific to females, markedly change throughout theirlifetime. Pregnancy and delivery are the most dramatic changes,in which normal andabnormal conditions may sequentially occur. We want to obtain a clearer understanding ofthese changes and diseases specific to women and also perform medical examinationsusing not only ObGyn, but also, for example, embryology, pathology, and diagnostic imaging.Although medical technologies have rapidly advanced, many issues have yet to beresolved. Among gynecologic cancers,the morbidity and mortality of endometrial andovarian cancers are rapidly increasing in Japan. Therefore, the mechanisms underlyingendometrial and ovarian carcinogenesis/progression need to be elucidated and newtreatment and preventive methods developed based on these mechanisms. Due to advancesin perinatal medicine, Japan has become the safest country for pregnancy and delivery.However,the onset mechanisms of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) andintrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which markedly affect perinatal outcomes, remainunclear. Although advances in assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilizationand embryo transfer (IVF-ET) have also been achieved, many issues,such as increases in the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities andmalformations, have to be overcome in the future .Each of our divisions are actively conducting research to addressDivisions 1. Gynecologic Cancer Group2. Placenta Group3. Reproduction GroupObstetrics and Gynecology産科婦人科学教室From EMBO press28Study on the protection and treatment of the cochlear nerve by DDS via cochlear implantThe Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery deals with most of thesensory organs such as hearing, balance, smell, and taste. Of these, hearing is the mostimportant communication tool for humans, and its impairment can greatly reduce Quality ofLife (QOL) . In our department, we are conducting research on the mechanism of hearingloss and new treatment methods.The head and neck region, which includes the nasal cavity, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx,larynx, and cervical esophagus, controls important functions for human life such as olfaction,feeding, swallowing, and voice. Cancers that develop in each of these regions can greatlyreduce QOL and even be fatal. We are conducting research to identify new therapeutictargets for head and neck cancers based on gene expression. Summary of Activitythese issues.Members of the Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck SurgeryAnalysis of the microenvironment of head and neck cancer by gene expression analysisElucidation of pathogenesis and development of novel gene therapy for human hereditary hearing loss modelsMembers of our Department 1. Study on the protection and treatment of the cochlear nerve by DDS via cochlear implant2. Development of database for diagnosis and treatment of otological diseases and development of novel AI diagnosis and analysis system3. Elucidation of pathogenesis and development of novel gene therapy for human hereditary hearing loss models4. Elucidation of factors and mechanisms of vestibular damage caused by progressive hearing loss5. Analysis of the microenvironment of head and neck cancer by gene expression analysis6. Study on the efficacy of cancer rehabilitation in patients with head and neck cancer7. A study on the diversity and regional characteristics of airborne pollen in Nagano PrefectureNo single fundamental treatment for hearing loss has yet been found.However, research in our department has led to the discovery of new therapeutic models for otologicaldiseases, which may help many patients with hearing loss in the future. In addition, the discovery ofnew therapeutic targets for head and neck cancer could greatly improve cancer treatment.We want to develop further applications of our results and explore new treatment methods. You will be able to continue your research while furthering your clinical studies at the universityhospital.You can also study abroad or develop your research at domestic research facilities, and thedepartment will actively support you.to the end of lifeFrom birthTowards a new diagnosis and treatment of otological diseases and head and neck cancer! 2024-2025 医学科研 究 紹 介
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