33Epilepsy surgery saves the live and life of epilepsy patientsEpilepsy surgeryEpilepsy surgery（（Chief: Kohei Kanaya, M.D.Chief: Kohei Kanaya, M.D.））Department of NeurosurgerySummary of ActivityEpilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disorder marked by the recurrence of un-provoked seizures and affects approximately 1% of the population in any generation. About a third of patients with epilepsy have seizures that are resistant to medication. Patients with uncontrolled seizures have an increased risk of worsening of quality of life, injury, or sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Epilepsy surgery offers the best opportunity for sei-zure freedom for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.・Elucidation of brain function and epilepsy・Surgical treatment for epilepsy・Construction of comprehensive epilepsy treatmentIn epilepsy surgery, it is necessary to properly analyze brain functions and electroencepha-logram that are not shown in images. For detailed brain function analysis, electroencephalo-gram is measured directly from the brain cortex. The brain function analysis progresses, the time may come when even the human mind can be understood. Not only electroencephalo-gram and brain functions, but also epilepsy is often unknown, and it is a field that will develop in clinical practice and research. Epilepsy treatment performed by a neurosurgeon can visualize an “epilepsy” that cannot be seen directly and perform surgical treatment. When you can cure epilepsy with surgical treat-ment, you will be moved and delighted.Research subjectOutlook for researchOutlook for students after graduationVagal nerve stimulation (VNS)（LivaNova HP） Intracranial electroencephalogramPlacement of intracranial electrodes (left). The focus of epileptic seizures conrmed by the intracranial EEG (right). Resection of the epileptic focus planned.Responsive neurostimulation (RNS)（NeuroPace HP）Intracranial electrodesVagal nervegeneratorleadOur surgeries are based on safe and minimally invasive methods using an operating microscope, and our aim is to return the patient to everyday life as early as possible.Minimally Invasive Spine and Spinal Cord TeamMinimally Invasive Spine and Spinal Cord Team（（Chief: Asociate Prof. Kiyoshi ItoChief: Asociate Prof. Kiyoshi Ito））NeurosurgerySummary of ActivityThe minimally invasive spine and spinal cord team provides treatment and con-ducts research on all disorders that damage the spinal cord and/or nerve roots, and that cause hand numbness and pain, motor paralysis, gait disorders, and leg pain. The procedures we use to treat these disorders are based on safe and minimally invasive surgery using an operating microscope, and our aim is to return the patient to everyday life as early as possible. We focus particular effort on treating tumors of the spinal cord.・Development of minimally invasive and safe surgical methods for cervical spondylosis, lumbar spinal canal stenosis, and others.・Improvement and development of safe surgical methods for spinal cord tumors.・Improvement and development of surgical equipment.Conventional surgery on the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine was often performed with-out visual enhancement and outcomes were not always good. Patients often mistakenly believe that surgery on the spine or spinal cord can leave them bedridden. However, preci-sion surgery using an operating microscope can free patients from numbness and pain in the hands and legs. We strive daily to improve outcomes by conducting research to improve surgical methods and equipment. After graduation, doctors will be trained in brain surgery, and will also participate in medical treatment and research on the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord as well as on pe-ripheral nerves (median and ulnar nerves).Research subjectOutlook for researchOutlook for students after graduationIntraoperative photographs on removing a tumor behind the spinal cord. The thickness of the spinal cord is only about 8 mm at the narrowest point; however, the image is enlarged through an operating microscope, enabling extremely precise technique.Surgical body support - An upright surgical position might be unstable. We developed a device to make surgery safer by stabilizing the surgeon’s body.
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