31Minimally invasive (ALARA) and function preservation neurosurgical treatment using the state-of-the-art medical careSummary of ActivityAt the Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, we conduct surgical treatment for cerebrovascular disorder, brain tumors, spinal cord diseases, etc. with a consistent treatment policy using “as less as reasonable achievable (ALARA) surgery and function preservation therapy” by making full use of state-of-the-art medical care. The goal is to cultivate more excellent neurosurgeons by performing high level brain surgical interventions in collaboration with all affiliated hospitals. For each neurosurgical disease, we are conducting research on the following themes:・Minimally invasive surgical approach: Development of surgical methods and safer surgical approach for the skull base lesion・Surgical instrument: Development of surgical instruments to make surgery safer and more reliable ・Surgical simulation: Development of surgical simulation with three dimensional neuro-images・Microneurosurgical anatomical study: Understanding and study of focal brain anatomy for more precise neurosurgical operation・Intraoperative neural function monitoring and mapping: Research on evaluation of neural functions using electrophysiological techniques during surgery for function preservation・Development of surgical robotics: Development of robot-assisted surgery system for minimally invasive neurosurgery・Genetic analysis of malignant brain tumor: Genetic analysis, optimal chemotherapy of the malignant brain tumorDivisions: 1. Cerebrovascular neurosurgery 2. Brain tumor (intra- and extraaxial) 3. Functional neurosurgery 4. Minimally invasive spine and spinal cord neurosurgery 5. Neuroendoscopic surgery 6. Endovascular treatmentNeurosurgeryUncovering the mysteries of skeletal diseases with genesRheumatoid Arthritis OsteoporosisRheumatoid Arthritis Osteoporosis（（Chief: Senior Assistant Prof. Yukio NakamuraChief: Senior Assistant Prof. Yukio Nakamura））Orthopaedic SurgeryResearch SummaryMany patients suffer from bone destruction or pain due to congenital skeletal diseases, rheu-matoid arthritis, and osteoporosis. However, the etiology for most of these diseases remain largely unknown, and effective diagnosis and treatment are not yet established. We aim to develop a definitive diagnosis and new methodology in order to identify disease-causing genes and to clarify their functions. In addition, we collaborate internationally with other re-search teams on various disease-based approaches, including Harvard Medical School. ・Identification and functional analyses of disease-causing genes in congenital skeletal diseases・Support for initiatives in regions aiming to extend life expectancy ~Prevention and control measures for osteoporosis and locomotive syndrome~・To reveal the pathophysiology of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, and to examine the efficacy of newly-developed drugs・To reveal the molecular biology of diseases based on Wnt signaling and sclerostinIdentification of disease-causing genes and a clarification of their functions could enable easy diagnosis and new treatment strategies using blood and urine, thereby bringing hope for patients who suffer from various symptoms in skeletal diseases and offering more treat-ment options, including surgeries. We hope to share our expertise on bone metabolism and help extend the life expectancy in Shinshu and beyond.By honing your skills and gaining knowledge in both clinical and basic science research, you will be equipped to think logically, communicate effectively, and gain the ability to give elo-quent presentations. In both research and practice, you will be able to develop transferable skills that will help you grow further. Main Research ThemesFuture from ResearchFuture vision after graduationZebrafish have skeleton; thus, they are a suitable model to study skeletal genesMicroinjection of genes into Zebrash eggs（diameter, 0.5-1mm）
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