農学部研究紹介2017-2018_英語版

12/48

Laboratory of Food Molecular EngineeringKozoNAKAMURAAssociateProfessorFunctionalFoods,CholineEstersPeptides,PolyphenolsAntihypertensiveFoodsTheLaboratoryofFoodMolecularEngineeringconductsresearchonutilization,quantificationandisolatedpurificationoffunctionalmoleculesinfoodandfoodresources.Cholineesters,peptidesandpolyphenolsaremaintargetcompounds,andwefocusontheireffectsonthecardiovascularsystemandnervoussystem.FoodproductsfromtheShinshuregionsuchas“fermentedfoods”,“buckwheat“and“medicinalplants”arerichinthesefunctionalmolecules.Recently,wefoundthat“eggplant”wasrichinacetylcholineandhadanantihypertensiveeffectinspontaneouslyhypertensiverat.Foodmolecularengineeringmakesthefoodfunctionalitiesmoreeffectiveandincreasestheutilityvalue.▪LacticfermentedbuckwheatThisfermentedfoodcontainsabundantacetylcholineandlactoylcholineandshoweddecreaseofsystolicbloodpressureofhumansubjects.Cholino ostors aro NEWfood functional factors. Wo aro tho first to isolato tho natural LaCh. Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology▪FoodfunctionalityofeggplantEggplantcontainsmuchmoreabundantacetylcholinethantheothervegetablesandisexpectedtohaveantihypertensiveandanti-stresseffects.N+OOAcetylcholine(AcCh)N+OOPropionylcholine(PrCh)N+OOButylylcholine(BuCh)N+OOOHLactoylcholine(LaCh)AcChis a typical cholino ostors and nourotransmittor of mammals. Tho contont in oggplant is 3 mg/100g F.W in avorago.OON+AcChMycorrhiza Laboratory AkiyoshiYAMADAAssociateProfessorResearchKeywords;Ectomycorrhiza, Edible mycorrhizalmushrooms, Fungal ecologyEctomycorrhizalfungiconsistofoverten-thousandspeciesandsymbioticallyassociatewithrootsofdiversewoodyplantsinnature.Mostectomycorrhizalfungimakefruitingbodies,i.e.mushrooms.Themycorrhizalsymbiosishasbeenstudiedextensivelyintermsofplantgrowthpromotion,thecarboncycleintheecosystem,andplant-fungusco-evolution.Inaddition,cultivationofgourmetmushroomssuchasmatsutakeandtrufflesisalsopopular.Ourlaboratoryhasstudiedectomycorrhizalfungiandtheirsymbioseswithhostplantsmulti-dimensionally.Ecophysiology of ectomycorrhizalmushrooms: To establish cultivation systems of mycorrhizalmushrooms with host plants, we have focused on basic fungus–plant interaction mechanism of mycorrhizalsymbiosis Fruiting of Tricholomamatsutakeunder natural forest condition in NaganoIn vitro mycorrhizalsynthesis of T. matsutakewith pine host Division of Bioscience and BiotechnologyMorphological and anatomical characterization of ectomycorrhizas: To understand real nature of ectomycorrhizalsymbiosis, we have described its structural characteristics in the diverse fungus–plant combinationsDetection, estimation and pure culture of symbiotic fungi from soil: To understand diversity of fungus–plant symbioses, we have tried to find new and rare fungal species and establish their cultures in vitro.7