The Effect of Water Temperature on the Physiological Response to Prolonged Swimming
【Supercategory：7. DESCENTE SPORTS SCIENCE Subcategory：7.14 Vol.14】
The purpose of this study was to examine the thermoregulatory, cardiorespi-ratory and hormonal responses to low intensity prolonged swimming at three different water temperatures.
Six male college swimmers participated in this study. Actual experiments consisted of breast stroke swimming for 120 minutes in 23°C, 28°C and 33°C water at a constant speed of 0.4 m/sec in a swimming flume. Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperatures, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO₂) and hormonal responses were measured.
The results are summarized as follows :
1) Tre in water of 33°C increased gradually after the latent period for about 10 minutes until 30 minutes after the start of swimming, and afterward, kept at an approximate steady state to the end of swimming. Tre in water of 23°C and 28°C decreased gradually until about 30 minutes after the start of swimming, and afterward, dropped slightly until the end of swimming.
2) Mean skin temperature (Tsk) in water 33°C increased gradually until about 15 minutes after the start of swimming, and afterward, stayed at an approximate steady state to the end of swimming. Tsk in water of 23°C and 28°C dropped rapidly after the start of swimming, and afterward, stayed at an approximate steady state until the end of swimming, respectively.
3) HR in water of 23°C and 33°C increased in comparison with that in the 28°C water. VO₂ and oxygen pulse in water of 23°C were higher than in water of 28°C and 33°C.
4) Noradrenaline and blood lactate concentrations were higher in the 23°C water than in water of 28°C and 33°C.
These results suggest that a relative warm water, above 28°C, may be desirable when prolonged swimming or other water exercise is performed at low intensity.
DESCENTE SPORTS SCIENCE Vol.14/THE DESCENTE AND ISHIMOTO MEMORIAL FOUNDATION FOR THE PROMOTION SPORTS SCIENCE
Six male college swimmers participated in this study. Actual experiments consisted of breast stroke swimming for 120 minutes in 23°C, 28°C and 33°C water at a constant speed of 0.4 m/sec in a swimming flume. Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperatures, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO₂) and hormonal responses were measured.
The results are summarized as follows :
1) Tre in water of 33°C increased gradually after the latent period for about 10 minutes until 30 minutes after the start of swimming, and afterward, kept at an approximate steady state to the end of swimming. Tre in water of 23°C and 28°C decreased gradually until about 30 minutes after the start of swimming, and afterward, dropped slightly until the end of swimming.
2) Mean skin temperature (Tsk) in water 33°C increased gradually until about 15 minutes after the start of swimming, and afterward, stayed at an approximate steady state to the end of swimming. Tsk in water of 23°C and 28°C dropped rapidly after the start of swimming, and afterward, stayed at an approximate steady state until the end of swimming, respectively.
3) HR in water of 23°C and 33°C increased in comparison with that in the 28°C water. VO₂ and oxygen pulse in water of 23°C were higher than in water of 28°C and 33°C.
4) Noradrenaline and blood lactate concentrations were higher in the 23°C water than in water of 28°C and 33°C.
These results suggest that a relative warm water, above 28°C, may be desirable when prolonged swimming or other water exercise is performed at low intensity.
DESCENTE SPORTS SCIENCE Vol.14/THE DESCENTE AND ISHIMOTO MEMORIAL FOUNDATION FOR THE PROMOTION SPORTS SCIENCE
| Researcher | Kazutaka Fujishima*1, Tetsuro Ogaki*1, Noboru Hotta*1, Syozo Kanaya*1, Tomihiro Shimizu*2, Tomoki Shono*3 |
|---|---|
| University or institution | *1 Institute of Health Science, Kyushu University, *2 Faculty of Education, Oita University, *3 Beppu Women's Junior College |
Keywords
thermoregulatory, cardiorespi-ratory, hormonal responses, swimming, water temperatures