Top＜Research Achievment＜Thesis Introduction
Eguchi H, Tsuda Y, Tsukahara T, Kawakami N, Nomiyama T.
The effects of Workplace Occupational Mental Health and related Activities
on Psychological Distress among Workers: A Multilevel Cross-sectional Analysis
J Occup Environ Med 2012;54(8):939-47.
【Objective】
In previous studies, tertiary preventive measures such as primary prevention
such as mental health education for managerial staff, secondary prevention
such as screening of depression by questionnaire, support for reinstatement
support, etc., as mental health measures for companies, psychological It
has been confirmed that it is effective in reducing stress reaction.Even
in our country, like other developed countries, interest in mental health
of workers is increasing in occupational health. However, many researches
are being conducted at large companies, and few studies have investigated
the effectiveness of mental health measures for small and medium enterprises
that keeps 80% of the workforce in Japan.Conventional multiple regression
analysis assumes independence between samples, whereas multilevel analysis
assumes that this specimen obtained from an organization does not establish
this independence. Therefore, multilevel analysis is an analytical method
modeled in a more realistic form than conventional multiple regression
analysis. For this reason, in recent years, in order to examine individual
behavior in a group, it is required to perform a multilevel analysis that
takes into consideration both an individual level variable and a group
level variable, and attracted attention as an important method in the field
of public health.Using this multilevel analysis, there are few mental health
studies that investigated the relationship between factory level factors
and employee level factors.
Therefore, in this research, we examined the following hypotheses using multilevel analysis for small and medium enterprises.
Hypothesis ①) Mental health measures implemented at the workplace level directly alleviate the psychological stress response of employees.
Hypothesis ②) Mental health measures implemented at the workplace level weaken the relationship between psychosocial factors and psychological stress response.
【Method】
The target was 357 business offices in Okaya city, Nagano Prefecture, which
is a member of the Suwa Labor Standards Association, and its employees
were surveyed in two stages of establishment survey and employee survey.
In the factory survey, responses were obtained from 257 plants (recovery
rate 72.0%). Of the offices that received cooperation in the survey of
business establishments, 121 business sites got consent to employee survey.
In the employee survey, questionnaires were distributed to 4,786 people,
and responses were obtained from 3,540 people (collection rate 74.0%).
In order to further improve the reliability of data in multilevel analysis,
offices with fewer than 20 respondents were excluded from analysis and
finally 32 sites and 2,123 subjects were analyzed. For the measurement
of psychological stress response and psychosocial factors of employees,
an Occupational Stress Simplified Questionnaire was used. The employee's
attributes used sex and age. Regarding mental health measures at business
establishments, we asked persons in charge of safety and health at the
workplace to ask: "Is your mental health countermeasure currently
being taken at your office?" "Information on mental health at
your office Can you get "Can you get something done to promote communication
at your office?". We used the scale and industry as business affiliation.
For the analysis method, we used multilevel analysis by business level
and employee level.
【Result】
Promotion of communication at the workplace level had a significant negative
correlation with employee-level psychological stress response (p<0.01),
adjusted for employee-level psychosocial factors. In addition, implementation
of mental health measures at the workplace level tended to recognize a
negative correlation with employee-level psychological stress response
after adjusting employee-level psychosocial factors (p = 0.06). No significant
correlation was found between obtaining information on mental health at
the workplace level (p = 0.72). Based on the above, the hypothesis ① was
supported. However, this survey did not support the hypothesis ②.
【Consideration】
In this research, the hypothesis ① was supported. The fact that facilitation
of communication at the workplace recognized a negative correlation with
psychological stress at the employee level was consistent with a previous
study that improving communication in the workplace reduces work stress.
Despite the prior research that mental health measures at the workplace
level alleviate stress on work, there was no obvious significant difference
in this study. The reasons for this include mental health measures, stress
checks at the time of medical checkup, installation of counseling rooms,
distribution of pamphlets on mental health, employee education, including
being an ambiguous concept It was thought as a cause. In the future, it
is thought that it is necessary to investigate the relationship between
the mental health measures at the workplace level and the psychological
stress at the employee level, after making the concept clearer. In this
research, the hypothesis ② was not supported. This was not consistent with
previous studies acknowledging the association between the sense of collective
efficacy at the workplace level and the cushioning and deteriorating effects
of workplace support and psychological stress at employee level. From these
results, it was suggested that mental health measures at the workplace
level are more directly related to psychological stress at the employee
level, rather than indirectly.
【Conclusion】
Promotion of communication at the establishment level alleviated employee-level
psychological stress response. Furthermore, it was suggested that mental
health measures at the workplace level could alleviate psychological stress
response at the employee level.
Censure Hisashi Eguchi
Hori A, Hashizume M, Tsuda Y, Tsukahara T, Nomiyama T.
Effects of weather variability and air pollutants on emergency admissions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Int J Environ Health Res 2012;22(5):416-30.
【Objective】
In recent years research has been progressing on climatic factors such as temperature, the relationship between air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and mortality, and the onset of disease. On the other hand, there are few studies that categorized into these individual diseases and analyzed about the effect of barometric pressure, which is an important element of climatic factors. Furthermore, recently, research reports on the onset of disease regarding the influence of air pollutants, which are regarded as important in Japan also, are less common in Japan. Therefore, we investigated the relation between climatic factors, air pollutants in the Kamiina area and onset in individual diseases, especially each cardiovascular disease and each cerebrovascular disease.
【Method】
The subjects were urgent inpatients via Ina Central Hospital from the April
2006 to the March 2010, and the total number of emergency hospitalization
and acute coronary syndromes, cardiopulmonary arrest, heart failure, subarachnoid
hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, brain We investigated the number of daily
hospitalizations due to infarction, aortic dissection and rupture of the
aortic aneurysm. Then we investigate atmospheric pollutants such as daily
average temperature, temperature change, daily average pressure, atmospheric
pressure change and other climatic factors, daily average NO 2, daily average
Ox, daily average SO 2, daily average SPM, and the total number of hospitalizations
and diseases I examined whether it is related to the number of hospitalizations.
Statistical analysis was performed by adjusting the year, season, day of
the week, influenza, RS viral epidemic, and time series analysis with a
generalized linear model.
【Result】
From April 2006 to March 2010, 4355 emergency hospitalization was accepted.
Total hospitalization was 3.24% (95% CI 1.25-5.18), hospitalization due
to acute coronary syndrome and heart failure 7.83% (95% CI 2.06-13.25),
hospitalization due to cerebral hemorrhage was 35.57% (95% CI 15.59-59.02),
hospitalization due to cerebral infarction increased by 11.71% (95% CI
4.1 - 19.89). At atmospheric pressure change, hospitalization due to heart
failure was 3.95% (95% CI 0.94-5.51), hospitalization due to cerebral hemorrhage
was 3.56% (95% CI 1.09 - 5.96), hospitalization due to aortic dissection
and aortic aneurysm rupture increased by 6.1% (95% CI 2.29 - 9.76). In
air pollutants, hospitalization due to subarachnoid hemorrhage was 6.59%
(95% CI 0.79 - 12.73) when NO 2 was 1 ppb, and hospitalization due to acute
coronary syndrome was 18.9% (95% CI 4.98 - 34.66) when O 2 was 1 ppb, Ox
Was 1 ppb higher, hospitalization due to aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm
rupture increased 4.48% (95% CI 1.39 - 7.66). When examined by the total
number of emergency hospitalizations, in the group aged 75 years or older,
the increase in hospitalization risk due to changes in air temperature
and pressure was confirmed compared to younger people than that. In addition,
men acknowledged an increase in hospitalization risk due to changes in
air temperature and pressure, compared to women.
【Consideration】
It was consistent with some previous studies that cold increased hospitalization
due to cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular disease. Increased risk
of cerebral hemorrhage due to cold and no increased risk of subarachnoid
hemorrhage was consistent with previous studies in Japan. In addition,
it was consistent with other previous studies that cerebrovascular disease
is more strongly influenced by cold than cardiovascular disease. In addition,
when examining by total emergency hospitalization number, in men and the
elderly, an increase in hospitalization risk due to cold is recognized,
and it is considered that cold should be noted especially in these groups.
Regarding the change in barometric pressure, in a previous study, there
was a report that a decrease in barometric pressure increases the risk
of myocardial infarction, but in this study, no effect on acute coronary
syndrome was observed. However, in cerebral haemorrhage, as in other previous
studies, pressure drop has increased risk. In this study, the barometric
pressure correlated more linearly with the number of cerebral hemorrhages
than the pressure itself, suggesting that the barometric pressure change
is related to the onset of cerebral hemorrhage. In air pollutants, it has
been shown that NO2 increases subcutaneous hemorrhage, SO2 is an acute
coronary syndrome, Ox increases the risk of aortic dissection and aortic
aneurysm rupture, but in previous studies the disease which increases the
risk by each substance It did not necessarily agree and it seems that further
research in the future is necessary.
【Conclusion】
Cold and depressed pressure increased cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular
disease. Air pollutants were found to be related to cardiovascular disease
and cerebrovascular disease.
Censure Aya Hori
