We have used silk fiber of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, for two thousand years at least. I think that we must reserve the traditional silk science and technology, while I have tried to search a novel fibrous material from insects in ortder to develop a new silk science and technology. In GCOE, I have studied cocoon proteins of the wild black ant, and discovered a novel peptide of the molecular weight that was different from the insect silk protein known so far.